{"id":1125,"date":"2026-03-14T21:08:49","date_gmt":"2026-03-14T19:08:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myitaliancircle.com\/blog\/?p=1125"},"modified":"2026-03-15T18:46:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T16:46:34","slug":"how-to-use-italian-relative-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myitaliancircle.com\/blog\/how-to-use-italian-relative-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Use Italian Relative Pronouns Correctly: CHE &amp; CHI"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">Reading Time: <\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">minutes<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Nouns, articles, adjectives, pronouns&#8230; there is no escaping some grammar jargon when we study the building blocks of Italian. We have already talked about subject, object and reflexive pronouns in this article: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.myitaliancircle.com\/blog\/guide-to-italian-pronouns\/\">How to Identify and Use Italian Pronouns Correctly<\/a>. Have a quick look at it if you are not sure what pronouns are. Our focus today is on the relative pronouns CHE and CHI: I will explain how to use them correctly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When do we use CHE, and when do we use CHI? These two pronouns look very similar, but they have different functions, and they are quite easy to confuse with one another. <strong>Mind the pronunciation! CHE is pronounced <em>keh,<\/em> while CHI is pronounced <em>kee.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Relative pronouns in a nutshell<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First of all, what are relative pronouns? Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses: when you have two separate clauses, a main one and a dependent one, a relative pronoun is one of the little words that you can use to connect them. In English, relative pronouns are basically <strong>that\/which <\/strong>and <strong>who,<\/strong> which correspond to the Italian relative pronouns <strong>che<\/strong> and <strong>chi,<\/strong> respectively. We also have <strong>cui<\/strong> and <strong>il quale,<\/strong> which I covered <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Tpcvhi-l3CY\">in a specific video lesson<\/a> in Italian, but <strong>che<\/strong> and <strong>chi<\/strong> are definitely the most common ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These pronouns are called <em>relative<\/em> because they are related to an element in the main clause and they create a relationship, a connection between our two clauses. We have already seen that pronouns are used to replace nouns. The relative pronoun replaces a noun that would otherwise be mentioned twice, once in the main clause and once in the dependent clause. Let&#8217;s clarify with some examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The pronoun CHE replaces a common element<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The relative pronoun CHE means that or which,<\/strong> and is used to join two sentences that have an element in common, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Hai preso i <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">posti<\/span>. I <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">posti<\/span> non vanno bene. \u2014&gt; I posti CHE hai preso non vanno bene.<\/em> &#8211; The seats (that) you have chosen aren&#8217;t suitable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Another one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Questo \u00e8 il <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">film<\/span>. Io voglio vedere il <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">film<\/span>. \u2014&gt; Questo \u00e8 il film CHE voglio vedere. <\/em>&#8211; This is the film (that) I want to see.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>You may have noticed that <strong>the relative pronoun CHE is invariable:<\/strong> in the first sentence it replaces <em>i posti,<\/em> while in the second one it replaces <em>il film.<\/em>Good news! CHE is always the same for masculine, feminine, singular and plural nouns; moreover, <strong>it can replace inanimate objects, but also people.<\/strong> In English though, you would usually replace people with the pronoun <em>who, <\/em>not with the pronoun <em>that. <\/em>This is where things may become confusing!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Have a look at this sentence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Ci sono dei <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">criminali<\/span>. I <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">criminali<\/span> rubano dei gioielli. \u2014&gt; Ci sono dei criminali CHE rubano dei gioielli. <\/em>&#8211; There are criminals who steal jewellery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>And another one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Non sopporto i <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">maleducati<\/span>. I <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">maleducati<\/span> parlano al cinema. \u2014&gt; Non sopporto i maleducati CHE parlano al cinema.<\/em> &#8211; I can\u2019t stand rude people who talk in the cinema.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In both sentences, we used CHE in Italian, and not CHI, even if we are talking about people. Why? Let&#8217;s see how the pronoun CHI works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>CHI or CHE? What&#8217;s the difference?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at the relative pronoun CHI. Can we use it in the same way as the English <em>who?<\/em> Not always! Now look at the following sentences: are they correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Ci sono dei criminali CHI rubano dei gioielli.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Non sopporto i maleducati CHI parlano al cinema.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are an English speaker, they may look correct to you, because in English the relative pronoun for people is <em>who,<\/em> and <em>who<\/em> translates as CHI in Italian. However, as we just saw above, in these two sentences we use CHE and not CHI<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Think of it this way: <strong>the pronoun CHI means <em>la persona che<\/em> or <em>la gente che<\/em><\/strong> (the person who, people who). It does not refer to a noun I have already mentioned, so it does not replace a noun in a previous sentence. We must also remember that <strong>the verb that follows CHI is always singular.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So this sentence is not correct: <em>Ci sono dei criminali *CHI rubano dei gioielli.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The correct version is: <em>Ci sono dei criminali CHE rubano dei gioielli.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is wrong: <em>Non sopporto i maleducati *CHI parlano al cinema.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is right: <em>Non sopporto i maleducati CHE parlano al cinema.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use the relative pronoun CHI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>So when do we use CHI? Let&#8217;s look at some examples. This is a famous proverb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Chi va piano va sano e va lontano.<\/em> <\/strong>It means: people who take it slow stay healthy and go far. Hence, those who do things calmly and prudently achieve results. Here we need CHI: <em>la persona che, la gente che.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Another example, another proverb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Chi non risica, non rosica. <\/em><\/strong>People who don&#8217;t take risks don&#8217;t achieve anything. In other words: those who don&#8217;t take risks don&#8217;t achieve anything.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>I can also say:&nbsp;<em>Io so CHI ha rubato i gioielli. <\/em>I know who stole the jewellery, I know the person who stole the jewellery. Instead of <em>la persona che, <\/em>I can say <em>chi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And I can say: <em>Non sopporto CHI parla al cinema. <\/em>Here too, it means: I can&#8217;t stand people who talk in the cinema. Instead of <em>la gente che, <\/em>I say <em>chi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CHI is also an interrogative pronoun:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/MIC-A2-SAMPLE\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"866\" src=\"https:\/\/www.myitaliancircle.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/A2.jpg\" alt=\"A2 pre-intermediate Italian course\" class=\"wp-image-1151\" style=\"width:200px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.myitaliancircle.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/A2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.myitaliancircle.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/A2-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Chi ha visto questo film?<\/em> &#8211; Who saw this film?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Chi ha scelto questi posti?<\/em> &#8211; Who chose these seats?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The last few example sentences are more intuitive for English speakers, because here CHI works just like <em>who.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we continue, I want to let you know that the relative pronouns CHE and CHI are the subject of lesson 12 of our A2 course, which you can find <a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/43qi4tX\">on Amazon<\/a>. The course has 20 lessons and combines grammar and vocabulary with lots of exercises. You can use this book to study on your own or with a teacher!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to use CHE and CHI: let&#8217;s practise!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s put all this into practice. Let&#8217;s join two sentences with the relative pronoun CHE. Remember, you use CHE to replace a noun that occurs in both clauses. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ho comprato una <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">moto<\/span>. La <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">moto<\/span> \u00e8 rossa. \u2014&gt; La moto CHE ho comprato \u00e8 rossa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Luigi ha una sorella. La sorella vive a Torino.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sandra ha letto il libro. Il libro \u00e8 bellissimo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Luigi ha fatto un errore. L&#8217;errore \u00e8 grave.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ho scelto i posti. I posti sono in prima fila.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Now another exercise: find the mistakes, if there are any, and correct them. Pay attention to the difference between CHE and CHI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il film che fanno oggi \u00e8 un poliziesco.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Io conosco la persona chi ha comprato questa casa.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mi piace molto il libro chi mi hai regalato.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Io so che \u00e8 stato a rubare i gioielli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il ragazzo che lavora al bar \u00e8 francese.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Easy or difficult? Have a look at the solutions below, and ask me questions in the comments if anything is unclear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s all for today: I hope you found this useful. Remember: listen, speak and study Italian with me!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buono studio,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anna<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Exercise Solutions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Luigi ha una sorella. La sorella vive a Torino. -&gt; Luigi ha una sorella CHE vive a Torino.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sandra ha letto il libro. Il libro \u00e8 bellissimo. -&gt; Il libro CHE ha letto Sandra \u00e8 bellissimo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Luigi ha fatto un errore. L&#8217;errore \u00e8 grave. -&gt; L\u2019errore CHE ha fatto Luigi \u00e8 grave.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ho scelto i posti. I posti sono in prima fila. -&gt; I posti CHE ho scelto sono in prima fila.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il film <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">che<\/span> fanno oggi \u00e8 un poliziesco. <em>Correct!<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Io conosco la persona <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">CHE<\/span> ha comprato questa casa.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mi piace molto il libro <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">CHE<\/span> mi hai regalato.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Io so <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">CHI<\/span> \u00e8 stato a rubare i gioielli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il ragazzo <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">che<\/span> lavora al bar \u00e8 francese. <em>Correct!<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Related video lessons:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/_-z49jPr04A\">CHE e CHI: i pronomi relativi in italiano<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/Tpcvhi-l3CY\">Come usare i pronomi relativi CUI e IL QUALE<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aqg6ci2OCdc\">Unstressed Direct Object Pronouns in Italian<\/a> &#8211; MI, TI, LO\/LA&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pg7qdggoSC0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stressed Direct Object Pronouns in Italian<\/a> &#8211; ME, TE, LUI&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/aqg6ci2OCdc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indirect Object Pronouns in Italian<\/a> &#8211; MI, TI, GLI\/LE&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/a2ZTJTJI9Hs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Esercizi con i pronomi<\/a> &#8211; Practise Italian Pronouns &amp; The Particles CI &amp; Ne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nouns, articles, adjectives, pronouns&#8230; there is no escaping some grammar jargon when we study the building blocks of Italian. We have already talked about subject, object and reflexive pronouns in this article: How to Identify and Use Italian Pronouns Correctly. Have a quick look at it if you are not sure what pronouns are. Our focus today is on the relative pronouns CHE and CHI: I will explain how to use them correctly. When do we use CHE, and when do we use CHI? These two pronouns look very similar, but they have different functions, and they are quite easy to confuse with one another. Mind the pronunciation! CHE is pronounced keh, while CHI is pronounced kee. Relative pronouns in a nutshell First of all, what are relative pronouns? Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses: when you have two separate clauses, a main one and a dependent one, a relative pronoun is one of the little words that you can use to connect them. In English, relative pronouns are basically that\/which and who, which correspond to the Italian relative pronouns che and chi, respectively. We also have cui and il quale, which I covered in a specific video lesson in Italian, but che and chi are definitely the most common ones. These pronouns are called relative because they are related to an element in the main clause and they create a relationship, a connection between our two clauses. We have already seen that pronouns are used to replace nouns. The relative pronoun replaces a noun that would otherwise be mentioned twice, once in the main clause and once in the dependent clause. Let&#8217;s clarify with some examples. The pronoun CHE replaces a common element The relative pronoun CHE means that or which, and is used to join two sentences that have an element in common, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition: Another one: You may have noticed that the relative pronoun CHE is invariable: in the first sentence it replaces i posti, while in the second one it replaces il film.Good news! CHE is always the same for masculine, feminine, singular and plural nouns; moreover, it can replace inanimate objects, but also people. In English though, you would usually replace people with the pronoun who, not with the pronoun that. This is where things may become confusing! Have a look at this sentence: And another one: In both sentences, we used CHE in Italian, and not CHI, even if we are talking about people. Why? Let&#8217;s see how the pronoun CHI works. CHI or CHE? What&#8217;s the difference? Let&#8217;s look at the relative pronoun CHI. Can we use it in the same way as the English who? Not always! Now look at the following sentences: are they correct? If you are an English speaker, they may look correct to you, because in English the relative pronoun for people is who, and who translates as CHI in Italian. However, as we just saw above, in these two sentences we use CHE and not CHI. Think of it this way: the pronoun CHI means la persona che or la gente che (the person who, people who). It does not refer to a noun I have already mentioned, so it does not replace a noun in a previous sentence. We must also remember that the verb that follows CHI is always singular. So this sentence is not correct: Ci sono dei criminali *CHI rubano dei gioielli. The correct version is: Ci sono dei criminali CHE rubano dei gioielli. This is wrong: Non sopporto i maleducati *CHI parlano al cinema. This is right: Non sopporto i maleducati CHE parlano al cinema. How to use the relative pronoun CHI So when do we use CHI? Let&#8217;s look at some examples. This is a famous proverb: Another example, another proverb: I can also say:&nbsp;Io so CHI ha rubato i gioielli. I know who stole the jewellery, I know the person who stole the jewellery. Instead of la persona che, I can say chi. And I can say: Non sopporto CHI parla al cinema. Here too, it means: I can&#8217;t stand people who talk in the cinema. Instead of la gente che, I say chi. CHI is also an interrogative pronoun: The last few example sentences are more intuitive for English speakers, because here CHI works just like who. Before we continue, I want to let you know that the relative pronouns CHE and CHI are the subject of lesson 12 of our A2 course, which you can find on Amazon. The course has 20 lessons and combines grammar and vocabulary with lots of exercises. You can use this book to study on your own or with a teacher! How to use CHE and CHI: let&#8217;s practise! Let&#8217;s put all this into practice. Let&#8217;s join two sentences with the relative pronoun CHE. Remember, you use CHE to replace a noun that occurs in both clauses. For example: Ho comprato una moto. La moto \u00e8 rossa. \u2014&gt; La moto CHE ho comprato \u00e8 rossa. Now another exercise: find the mistakes, if there are any, and correct them. Pay attention to the difference between CHE and CHI. Easy or difficult? Have a look at the solutions below, and ask me questions in the comments if anything is unclear. That&#8217;s all for today: I hope you found this useful. Remember: listen, speak and study Italian with me! Buono studio, Anna Exercise Solutions Related video lessons:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1144,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[14,8,17],"class_list":["post-1125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-italian-grammar","tag-grammar","tag-grammatica","tag-italian"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>How to Use Italian Relative Pronouns Correctly: CHE &amp; CHI - My Italian Circle<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CHE or CHI? Italian relative pronouns are used in a different way than their English counterparts. 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